California Drunk Driving Defense

Table of Contents

• Preface
• Comment
• Acknowledgements
• About the Author

• Part One - Crime and Punishment
• Chapter 1 - The Offense
• I. Generally
• §1:1
  The corpus
• §1:2
  "Drive"
• §1:3
  "Vehicle"
• II. Under the Influence
• A. Under the Influence of Alcohol (Veh C § 23152 (a))
• §1:4
  In general
• §1:5
  "Under the Influence" defined
• §1:6
  Blood-alcohol presumptions
• B. Over .08% Blood Alcohol Content (Veh C § 23152 (b))
• §1:7
  In genera
• §1:8
  Juveniles under 21 with .05% blood-alcohol content
• §1:9
  Commercial driver with .04% blood-alcohol content
• C. Under the Influence of Drugs (Veh C § 23152 (a))
• §1:10
  In general
• §1:11
  Driving while addicted: Veh C § 23152 (c)
• III Felony Drunk Driving (Veh C § 23153 (a) and (b))
• §1:12
  In general
• §1:13
  Vehicular manslaughter
• §1:14
  Murder: Watson
• §1:15
  "Three strikes": Veh C § 23152 with three priors
• IV. Other Grounds of Liability
• §1:16
  Attempted drunk driving
• §1:17
  Accomplice liability
• V. Defenses
• §1:18
  In general
• §1:19
  Double jeopardy
• §1:20
  Mistake of fact
• §1:21
  Necessity and duress
• §1:22
  Entrapment
• §1:23
  Insanity
• Chapter 2 - The Sentence
• I. The Misdemeanor (Veh C § 23152)
• §2:1
  In general
• §2:2
  License suspension/restriction
• §2:3
  DUI school
• §2:4
  Ignition interlocks
• §2:5
  Impound and sale of vehicle
• II. The Felony (Veh C § 23153)
• §2:6
  In general
• §2:7
  "Three strikes"
• §2:8
  Manslaughter and murder
• III. Sentence Enhancements
• §2:9
  In general
• §2:10
  Prior convictions (Veh C § 23152)
• §2:11
  Prior convictions (Veh C § 23153)
• §2:12
  Refusal
• §2:13
  Reckless speeding
• §2:14
  Child endangerment
• §2:15
  Over .20% blood-alcohol content
• §2:16
  Multiple victims
• IV. Sentencing Issues
• §2:17
  In general
• §2:18
  Multiple punishment
• §2:19
  Defendant's perjury at trial
• §2:20
  Work furlough
• §2:21
  Community service and work release
• §2:22
  Residential alcohol treatment
• §2:23
  Electronic home detection
• V. Probation Violatoin
• §2:24
  In general
• Part Two - License Suspensions and the DMV
• Chapter 3 - Administrative Suspension
• §3:1
  In general
• §3:2
  Drivers under 21: "zero tolerance"
• II. Refusal To submit to chemical Test
• §3:3
  In general
• §3:4
  What constitutes a refusal
• III. Double Jeopardy and Collateral Estoppel
• §3:5
  In general
• Chapter 4 - The DMV Hearing
• I. Pretrial Procedures
• §4:1
  In general
• §4:2
  Discovery and the subpoena
• II. Hearing Procedures
• §4:3
  In general
• §4:4
  Rules of evidence
• III. Administrative and Judicial Review
• §4:5
  In general
• Part Three - Pretrial
• Chapter 5 - Interview and Arraignment
• I. Generally
• §5:1
  The midnight phone call
• II. The Client Interview
• §5:2
  In general
• §5:3
  Educating the client
• §5:4
  The retainer agreement
• III. The Arraignment
• §5:5
  general
• §5:6
  Plea of "once in jeopardy" (DMV suspension)
• IV. Evaluating and Plea Bargaining the Case
• §5:7
  In general; evaluating the case
• §5:8
  Plea bargaining
• Chapter 6 - Discovery
• I. Generally
• §6:1
  In general
• §6:2
  Police evidence
• II. Blood-Alcohol Evidence
• §6:3
  In general
• §6:4
  Obtaining blood or urine sample
• §6:5
  Obtaining court-ordered analysis and expert testimony
• §6:6
  Sample discovery motion
• III. Using the DMV Hearing
• §6:7
  For deposing the officer
• Chapter 7 - Prior Convictions
• I. Generally
• §7:1
  In general
• II. Procedure
• A. Factual Requirements
• §7:2
  In general
• §7:3
  Bifurcation of trial
• B. Legal Requirements
• §7:4
  In general; moving to strike the prior
• §7:5
  Constitutional grounds
• §7:6
  Procedural requirements
• §7:7
  The record
• III. Issues as to Specific Priors
• §7:8
  Uncharged priors
• §7:9
  The uncounselled prior
• §7:10
  The juvenile prior
• §7:11
  Foreign priors
• §7:12
  Incompetence of prior counsel
• §7:13
  Sample motion to strike prior conviction
• Chapter 8 - Suppression of Evidence
• I. Generally
• §8:1
  In general
• II. Stop, Detention and Arrest
• §8:2
  In generally; probable cause
• §8:3
  Sobriety checkpoints
• §8:4
  Authority to arrest: driving in officer's presence
• III. Incriminating Statements
• §8:5
  In general; Miranda-Berkemer
• §8:6
  The corpus rule
• §8:7
  Refusal to take chemical test
• IV. Field Sobriety Tests
• §8:8
  In general; Kelley-Frye
• §8:9
  Mental acuity tests: Muniz
• §8:10
  Nystagmus
• §8:11
  Pupil reaction
• §8:12
  Preliminary breath tests (PBT)
• §8:13
  Police obstruction of witnesses
• §8:14
  Tapes, film and photographs
• V. Blood-Alcohol Evidence
• §8:15
  In general
• §8:16
  Defective implied consent and advisement
• §8:17
  Denial of access to counsel
• §8:18
  Forceful seizure: Schmerber
• §8:19
  Denial of independent sample
• §8:20
  Chain of custody
• §8:21
  Lack of foundation: Title 17
• §8:22
  Failure to provide discovery
• Part Four - Trial
• Chapter 9 - Jury Selection and Opening Statement
• I. Jury Selectoin
• §9:1 In general
• §9:2
  Illustrative jury voir dire
• §9:3
  Sample proposed questions
• §9:4
  Discovery of prosecution records on jurors
• II. Opening Statement
• §9:5
  In general; illustration
• Chapter 10 - Field Evidence: The Arresting Officer
• I. Generally
• A. Generally
• §10:1
  In general; field evidence and the arresting officer
• §10:2
  The officer as intoxication expert
• §10:3
  Preparation
• §10:4
  Strategy
• B. Officer's Background and Experience
• §10:5
  General techniques
• §10:6
  Officer's training and experience
• II. Driving Symptoms
• §10:7
  In general
• §10:8
  The NHTSA studies
• III. Physical Symptoms
• §10:9
  In general
• §10:10
  Appearance and conduct
• §10:11
  Odor of alcohol on breath
• §10:12
  Flushed face
• §10:13
  Bloodshot eyes
• §10:14
  Slurred speech
• §10:15
  The effects of hypoglycemia
• IV. Field Sobriety Tests
• A. Generally
• §10:16
  In general
• §10:17
  Performance tests
• §10:18
  Objective scoring
• §10:19
  Kelley-Frye and standardized field sobriety tests
• §10:20
  The NHTSA tests
• B. Eye Impairment Tests
• §10:21
  In general; pupil reaction
• §10:22
  Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN)
• §10:23
  Illustrative cross-examination on nystagmus
• V. Preliminary Breath Tests
• §10:24
  In general
• VI. Special Cross-Examination Techniques
• §10:25
  In general
• §10:26
  The infallible cop
• §10:27
  Selective recall
• §10:28
  The wedge
• §10:29
  The magic memory
• §10:30
  Carbon-copy symptoms
• §10:31
  The disappearing sway
• §10:32
  The negative pregnant
• §10:33
  Reverse impairment
• §10:34
  The rigged scoreboard
• §10:35
  The bomb
• §10:36
  Field evidence and the arresting officer
• VII. Defense Police Expert
• §10:37
  In general
• Chapter 11 - Chemical Evidence: The Forensic Chemist
• I. Generally; Blood-Alcohol Analysis
• §11:1
  In general
• §11:2
  Blood-alcohol absorption
• §11:3
  The fallacy of the average person
• §11:4
  Individual tolerance
• §11:5
  Women and alcohol
• §11:6
  The rising blood-alcohol concentration (BAC) curve
• §11:7
  Retrograde extrapolation
• §11:8
  Food, cigarettes and alcohol metabolism
• §11:9
  The zinc factor
• §11:10
  Internally produced alcohol
• §11:11
  Radio frequency interference (RFI)
• §11:12
  Inherent error
• II. Breath Analysis
• A. Generally
• §11:13
  In general
• §11:14
  The blood-breath partition ratio
• §11:15
  Nonspecific analysis
• §11:16
  Testing during the absorptive state
• §11:17
  Mouth alcohol
• §11:18
  Hematocrit
• §11:19
  Body temperature
• §11:20
  Breathing pattern
• §11:21
  Stress
• §11:22
  Simulator calibration
• §11:23
  Ambient air
• B. Breath Analysis Machines
• §11:24
  In general
• §11:25
  The Intoxilyzer 5000
• §11:26
  The Intoximeter 3000
• III. Blood Analysis
• §11:27
  In general
• §11:28
  Sterilization
• §11:29
  Fermentation
• §11:30
  Whole blood vs. serum/plasma
• §11:31
  Arterial vs. venous blood
• IV. Urinalysis
• §11:32
  In general
• §11:33
  The urine:blood ratio
• §11:34
  The incomplete void
• §11:35
  Candida albicans
• V. Cross-Examination Techniques
• A. Generally
• §11:36
  In general
• §11:37
  The smart machine
• §11:38
  The spiked aspirin
• §11:39
  Close enough for government work
• §11:40
  How infrared works — and why it doesn't
• §11:41
  The defective warranty
• §11:42
  RFI magic
• §11:43
  A ton of beer
• §11:44
  The invisible breath sample
• §11:45
  Wonder blood
• §11:46
  Purple urine
• B. Illustrative Cross-Examination of Expert
• §11:47
  In general
• §11:48
  Transcript of cross-examination of an expert
• §11:49
  Illustrative cross-examination of Intoxilyzer operator
• VI. The Defense Blood-Alcohol Expert
• §11:50
  In general
• §11:51
  Preparing the defense expert for cross-examination
• §11:52
  Illustrative direct examination of defense expert
• Chapter 12 - The Lay Witness; Defendant Witness
• I. Generally; Percipient Witness
• §12:1
  In general
• §12:2
  Lay opinion of intoxication
• §12:3
  Illustrative cross-examination of percipient witness
• II. Sobriety Witness
• §12:4
  In general
• §12:5
  Preparing the sobriety witness for cross-examination
• §12:6
  Illustrative direct examination of sobriety witness
• III. Defendant
• §12:7
  In general; should the defendant testify?
• §12:8
  Preparing the defendant
• §12:9
  Illustrative direct examination of defendant
• Chapter 13 - Jury Instructions and Argument
• §13:1
  Jury instructions
• §13:2
  CALJIC instructions
• §13:3
  Closing argument
•  
  • Bibliography
  • Table of Statutes
  • Table of Cases
  • Index