The Law Offices of Lawrence Taylor, Inc.

Drunk Driving Defense

Table of Contents

• xix
  Table of Checklists
• xxi
  Table of Forms
• xxiii
  Table of Pleadings
• xxv
  Preface
• xxxi
  Acknowledgments
• xxxiii
  Comment

• I. Crime and Punishment
• 1:1
  Chapter 1 - The Offense
• §1.0
  1:1
  The Nature of the Crime
• §1.1
  1:9
  Elements of the Offense: Driving a Vehicle on a Highway
  • §1.1.1
    1:10
    What constitutes "Driving"
  • §1.1.2
    1:19
    Putting the Defendant Behind the Wheel
  • §1.1.3
    1:21
    "Vehicle"
  • §1.1.4
    1:22
    "Highway"
• §1.2
  1:25
  Elements of the Offense: Under the Influence of Alcohol ("DUI/DWI")
  • §1.2.1
    1:31
    Presumption of Intoxication from Blood-Alcohol Analysis
• §1.3
  1:38
  Elements of the Offense: With an Excessive Blood-Alcohol Concentration ("Per Se")
  • §1.3.1
    1:42
    Presumption of BAC at Time of Driving
  • §1.3.2
    1:42
    Lay Expertise
  • §1.3.3
    1:43
    Admissibility of Lack-of-Impairment Evidence
• §1.4
  1:45
  Related Criminal and Civil Liability
  • §1.4.1
    1:45
    Driving Under the Influence of Drugs
  • §1.4.2
    1:51
    Felony Drunk Driving
  • §1.4.3
    1:52
    Manslaughter
  • §1.4.4
    1:58
    Murder
  • §1.4.5
    1:62
    Civil Liability
• §1.5
  1:64
  Inchoate and Accomplice Ability
  • §1.5.1
    1:64
    Attempted Drunk Driving
  • §1.5.2
    1:65
    Accomplice Liability
• §1.6
  1:65
  Defenses
  • §1.6.1
    1:66
    Necessity
  • §1.6.2
    1:68
    Entrapment
  • §1.6.3
    1:69
    Duress
  • §1.6.4
    1:69
    Mistake of Fact
• 2:1
  Chapter 2 - The Sentence
• §2.0
  2:1
  Criminal Punishment
  • §2.0.1
    2:4
    Prior Convictions
  • §2.0.2
    2:6
    Other Sentence Enhancements
  • §2.0.3
    2:8
    Ignition Interlocks
  • §2.0.4
    2:9
    Vehicle Impound or Forfeiture
• §2.1
  2:10
  Alternative Sentencing
• §2.2
  2:15
  Multiple Punishment
  • §2.2.1
    2:17
    Punishment for Both DUI and Per Se Offences
• §2.3
  2:19
  Probation Violation Hearings
• 3:1
  Chapter 3 - License Suspension
• §3.0
  3:1
  Administrative Suspension/Revocation of the Driver's License
  • §3.0.1
    3:4
    Probable Cause and Authority to Arrest
  • §3.0.2
    3:6
    Proof of Driving
  • §3.0.3
    3:6
    Failure to Give a Choice of Tests
  • §3.0.4
    3:7
    Immediate License Seizure
  • §3.0.5
    3:8
    Collateral Estoppel
  • §3.0.6
    3:12
    Double Jeopardy: Criminal and Civil Punishment
• §3.1
  3:24
  The Per Se Suspension (.08/.10 percent BAC)
  • §3.1.1
    3:27
    "Zero Tolerance": .01 Percent BAC Suspension for Minors
• §3.2
  3:28
  The Refusal
  • §3.2.1
    3:30
    What Constitutes a "Refusal"
  • §3.2.2
    3:33
    The Defective Implied Consent Advisement
  • §3.2.3
    3:37
    Implied Consent, Miranda and the Right to Counsel
  • §3.2.4
    3:43
    Physical Inability
  • §3.2.5
    3:46
    Attempts to Cure a Refusal
  • Checklist 1
    3:49
    The Refusal
• §3.3
  3:50
  Suspension Hearings: Discovery, Procedure and Evidence
  • Checklist 2
    3:59
    The License Suspension Hearing (Refusal)
• II. Pre-Trial
• 4:1
  Chapter 4 - Pre-Trial Procedures
• §4.0
  4:1
  Initial Client Contact
  • §4.0.1
    4:2
    The Interview
  • §4.0.2
    4:6
    Educating the Client
  • §4.0.3
    4:15
    The Retainer Agreement
  • §4.0.4
    4:15
    Preliminary Investigation
• §4.1
  4:19
  Analysis of the Case
  • §4.1.1
    4:19
    The Prosecution's Case
  • §4.1.2
    4:22
    The Defense Case
  • §4.1.3
    4:26
    Conclusions
  • Checklist 3
    4:27
    Evaluating the Case
• §4.2
  4:29
  The Arraignment
  • §4.2.1
    4:29
    The Defective Complaint
  • §4.2.2
    4:31
    Double Jeopardy
  • Checklist 4
    4:37
    The Arraignment
• §4.3
  4:37
  Discovery
  • §4.3.1
    4:39
    Objects of Discovery
  • Checklist 5
    4:61
    Possible items for Discovery
  • §4.3.2
    4:62
    Prosecutorial Resistance
  • §4.3.3
    4:63
    The Discovery Motion
  • §4.3.4
    4:78
    The Subpoena Duces Tecum
• §4.4
  4:88
  Obtaining and Analyzing Blood-Alcohol Evidence
  • §4.4.1
    4:89
    Preservation and Production of Police Sample
  • §4.4.2
    4:103
    Secondary Testing of Client
  • §4.4.3
    4:110
    Independent Analysis and the Defense Expert
• §4.5
  4:115
  Prior Convictions
  • §4.5.1
    4:117
    Striking the Prior
  • §4.5.2
    4:131
    Priors from Arraignments En Masse
  • §4.5.3
    4:133
    The Uncounselled Prior Baldasar-Nichols
  • §4.5.4
    4:135
    Foreign, Juvenile and Nolo Priors
  • §4.5.5
    4:138
    Bifurcation of Trial
  • §4.5.6
    4:142
    Prosecutorial Burden
  • Checklist 6
    4:144
    Prior Convictions
• §4.6
  4:145
  Plea Bargaining
• 5:1
  Chapter 5 - Suppresion of Evidence
• §5.0
  5:1
  Probable Cause to Stop, Detain and Arrest
  • §5.0.1
    5:6
    Lawful Arrest
  • §5.0.2
    5:8
    The Citizen Informant
  • Checklist 7
    5:12
    Probable Cause
  • §5.0.3
    5:12
    Sobriety Checkpoints
  • Checklist 8
    5:24
    Sobriety Checkpoints
  • §5.0.4
    5:29
    Evasion of Sobriety Checkpoints
• §5.1
  5:30
  Field Evidence
  • §5.1.1
    5:31
    Verbal Field Sobriety Tests: Muniz
  • §5.1.2
    5:33
    Nonstandardized Field Sobriety Test
  • §5.1.3
    5:36
    Nystagmus
  • §5.1.4
    5:45
    Preliminary Breath Tests
  • §5.1.5
    5:48
    Videotapes, Audiotapes and Photographs
  • §5.1.6
    5:53
    Erased Tapes
  • §5.1.7
    5:57
    Police Obstruction of Witness
• §5.2
  5:58
  Incriminating Statements and Refusals
  • §5.2.1
    5:63
    Miranda and the DUI Case
  • Checklist 9
    5:70
    Suppressing Incriminating Statements
  • §5.2.2
    5:71
    Refusal to Take Chemical Test: Self-Incrimination
  • §5.2.3
    5:74
    Refusal to Take Chemical Test: Relevance
  • §5.2.4
    5:78
    Refusal to Take Field Sobriety Tests
  • Checklist 10
    5:80
    Suppressing Evidence of Refusal
• §5.3
  5:81
  Blood-Alcohol Evidence
  • §5.3.1
    5:81
    Defective Implied Consent Advisement
  • §5.3.2
    5:83
    Denial of Second Sample
  • §5.3.3
    5:88
    Denial of Access to Counsel
  • §5.3.4
    5:96
    Forceful Seizure of Blood Sample
  • §5.3.5
    5:99
    The Physician-Patient Privilege
  • §5.3.6
    5:106
    Noncompliance with Testing Regulations
  • §5.3.7
    5:114
    Chain of Custody
  • §5.3.8
    5:118
    Noncompliance with Discovery
  • Checklist 11
    5:120
    Suppressing Blood-Alcohol Evidence
• III. Trial
• 6:1
  Chapter 6 - Setting the Stage
• §6.0
  6:1
  Jury Selection
  • §6.0.1
    6:9
    The Right to a Jury Trial in Drunk Driving Cases
  • §6.0.2
    6:12
    Discovery of Prosecution Records on Jurors
  • §6.0.3
    6:16
    Illustrative Jury Voir Dire
  • §6.0.4
    6:33
    Questionnaires and Propose Written Questions
• §6.1
  6:38
  The Opening Statement
  • §6.1.1
    6:40
    Illustrative Opening Statement
• §6.2
  6:44
  Using Demonstrative Evidence
• 7:1
  Chapter 7 - Field Evidence: The Arresting Officer
• §7.0
  7:1
  Field Evidence and the Arresting Officer
  • §7.0.1
    7:3
    The Officer as DUI Witness
  • §7.0.2
    7:8
    Preparation: Using Reports, Articles and the DMV
  • §7.0.3
    7:10
    Foundation : Training and Experience
  • §7.0.4
    7:13
    The Judo Approach in DUI Trials
  • §7.0.5
    7:15
    Audiovisual Evidence
  • §7.0.6
    7:18
    Countering with a Defense Police Expert
  • Checklist 12
    7:20
    General Cross-Examination of the Arresting Officer
• §7.1
  7:21
  Observations of Driving
  • §7.1.1
    7:25
    The NHTSA Studies
• §7.2
  7:27
  Behavior and Appearance of the Defendant
  • §7.2.1
    7:31
    Initial Behavior
  • §7.2.2
    7:33
    Clothing and Grooming
  • §7.2.3
    7:34
    Bloodshot Eyes
  • §7.2.4
    7:36
    Flushed Face
  • §7.2.5
    7:37
    Odor of Alcohol on Breath
  • §7.2.6
    7:40
    Speech Thick and Slurred
  • Checklist 13
    7:42
    Physical Appearance and Symptoms
• §7.3
  7:44
  Field Sobriety Tests
  • §7.3.1
    7:49
    Cross-Examination Techniques
  • Checklist 14
    7:60
    Field Sobriety Tests
  • §7.3.2
    7:61
    Preliminary Breath Tests
  • §7.3.3
    7:67
    Pupil Reaction Test
• §7.4
  7:69
  Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
  • Checklist 15
    7:76
    Nystagmus
  • §7.4.1
    7:78
    Illustrative Cross-Examination on Nystagmus
  • §7.5
    7:90
    The NHTSA Standardized Field Sobriety Tests
  • §7.5.1
    7:94
    Walk-and-Turn
  • §7.5.2
    7:98
    One-Leg-Stand
  • §7.5.3
    7:101
    Nystagmus
• §7.6
  7:106
  Ten Cross-Examination Techniques
  • §7.6.1
    7:106
    The Infallible Cop
  • §7.6.2
    7:107
    Selective Recall
  • §7.6.3
    7:108
    The Wedge
  • §7.6.4
    7:111
    The Magic Memory
  • §7.6.5
    7:112
    Xeroxed Symptoms
  • §7.6.6
    7:114
    The Disappearing Sway
  • §7.6.7
    7:115
    The Negative Pregnant
  • §7.6.8
    7:116
    Reverse Impairment
  • §7.6.9
    7:117
    The Rigged Scoreboard
  • §7.6.10
    7:121
    The Bomb
• §7.7
  7:122
  Illustrative Cross-Examination of Arresting Officer
• 8:1
  Chapter 8 - Chemical Evidence: The Forensic Expert
• §8.0
  8:1
  Blood-Alcohol Analysis
  • §8.0.1
    8:4
    Alcohol and the Human Body
  • §8.0.2
    8:9
    The Fallacy of the "Average Person"
  • §8.0.3
    8:11
    Individual Tolerance
  • §8.0.4
    8:14
    Women and Alcohol
  • §8.0.5
    8:17
    The Rising BAC Curve
  • §8.0.6
    8:18
    Retrograde Extrapolation
  • §8.0.7
    8:29
    Eating, Smoking and Alcohol Metabolism
  • §8.0.8
    8:34
    The Zinc Factor
  • §8.0.9
    8:34
    Internally Produced Alcohol
  • §8.0.10
    8:35
    Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
  • §8.0.11
    8:42
    Inherent Error
• §8.1
  8:45
  Breath Analysis
  • §8.1.1
    8:49
    The Blood-Breath Partition Ratio
  • §8.1.2
    8:53
    Nonspecific Analysis
  • §8.1.3
    8:62
    Testing During the Absorptive State
  • §8.1.4
    8:64
    Mouth Alcohol
  • §8.1.5
    8:71
    Hematocrit
  • §8.1.6
    8:72
    Body Temperature
  • §8.1.7
    8:73
    Breathing Pattern
  • §8.1.8
    8:75
    Stress
  • §8.1.9
    8:76
    Simulator Calibration
  • §8.1.10
    8:79
    Used Mouthpiece
  • §8.1.11
    8:79
    Ambient Air
  • Checklist 16
    8:81
    Breath Analysis
• §8.2
  8:82
  The Machines
  • §8.2.1
    8:84
    The Intoxilyzer 5000
  • Checklist 17
    8:109
    Intoxilyzer 5000
  • §8.2.2
    8:110
    The Intoximeter 3000
  • Checklist 18
    8:123
    Intoximeter 3000
  • §8.2.3
    8:124
    The BAC Verifier/Datamaster
  • Checklist 19
    8:134
    BAC Verifier/Datamaster
• §8.3
  8:136
  Blood Analysis
  • §8.3.1
    8:146
    Sterilization
  • §8.3.2
    8:150
    Fermentation
  • §8.3.3
    8:152
    Whole Blood Versus Serum/Plasma
  • §8.3.4
    8:155
    Arterial Versus Venous Blood
  • Checklist 20
    8:156
    Blood Analysis
• §8.4
  8:157
  Urinalysis
  • §8.4.1
    8:162
    The Urine: Blood Ratio
  • §8.4.2
    8:164
    The Incomplete Void
  • §8.4.3
    8:166
    Candida Albicans
  • Checklist 21
    8:167
    Urinalysis
• §8.5
  8:168
  Ten Cross-Examination Techniques
  • §8.5.1
    8:170
    The Smart Machine
  • §8.5.2
    8:174
    The Spiked Aspirin
  • §8.5.3
    8:175
    Close Enough for Government Work
  • §8.5.4
    8:176
    How Infrared Works—and Why It Doesn't
  • §8.5.5
    8:178
    The Defective Warranty
  • §8.5.6
    8:182
    RFI Magic
  • §8.5.7
    8:183
    A Ton of Beer
  • §8.5.8
    8:184
    The Invisible Breath Sample
  • §8.5.9
    8:185
    Wonder Blood
  • §8.5.10
    8:186
    Purple Urine
  • §8.5.11
    8:187
    A Lot of Hot Air
• §8.6
  8:187
  Illustrative Cross-Examination of the Expert
• §8.7
  8:213
  The Defense Blood-Alcohol Expert
  • §8.7.1
    8:217
    Illustrative Direct Examination of Defense Expert
  • §8.7.2
    8:227
    Preparing the Defense Expert for Cross-Examination
• 9:1
  Chapter 9 - The Lay Witness
• §9.0
  9:1
  Cross-Examination of the Percipient Witness
  • §9.0.1
    9:5
    Illustrative Cross-Examination of Percipient Witness
• §9.1
  9:10
  The Defense Sobriety Witness
  • §9.1.1
    9:11
    Illustrative Direct Examination of Sobriety Witness
  • §9.1.2
    9:14
    Preparing the Sobriety Witness for Cross-Examination
• §9.2
  9:17
  Should the Defendant Testify?
  • §9.2.1
    9:21
    Preparing the Defendant
  • §9.2.2
    9:26
    Illustrative Direct Examination of the Defendant
• 10:1
  Chapter 10 - Summation and Jury Instruction
• §10.0
  10:1
  Jury Instructions
  • §10.1
    10:11
    The Closing Argument
  • T:1
    Table of Cases
  • R:1
    Resources
  • B:1
    Bibliography
  • I:1
    Index
• Table of Forms
  • Form 1
    §4.0.1
    Client Interview Questionnaire
  • Form 2
    §4.0.1
    Client Interview Form — Condensed Version
  • Form 3
    §4.0.3
    Attorney's Retainer & Fee Agreement
  • Form 4
    §4.3.1
    Arrest and Booking Report
  • Form 5
    §4.3.1
    Sobriety Examination
  • Form 6
    §4.3.1
    Operator's Intoximeter 3000 Checklist
  • Form 7
    §4.3.1
    Intoxilyzer 5000 Calibration and Maintenance Log
  • Form 8
    §4.3.1
    Medical Release
  • Form 9
    §4.3.1
    Police DUI Report
  • Form 10
    §7.6.9
    Field Sobriety Tests
  • Form 11
    §8.2.1
    Intoxilyzer 5000 Checklist
  • Form 12
    §8.2.1
    Intoxilyzer 5000 Test Card for Recording Results
  • Form 13
    §8.2.2
    Intoximeter 3000 Checklist and Test Record
  • Form 14
    §8.5.5
    Manufacturer's Warranty for Intoxilyzer 5000
• Table of Pleadings
  • §3.3
    Respondent's interrogatories to petitioner
  • §3.3
    Request for administrative review
  • §4.3.3
    Accused's motion for discovery in DWI prosecution (blood test)
  • §4.3.4
    Motion for order directing pre-trial inspection, Subpoena duces teum
  • §4.4.1
    Notice of motion to preserve and produce blood Sample, Points and authorities, Declaration of Attorney, Order to preserve and produce blood Sample
  • §4.4.3
    Order appointing independent laboratory and order to produce
  • §4.4.3
    Order for appointment of chemical expert to testify At pre-trial motions and/or trial
  • §4.5.1
    Notice of motion to strike and declare alleged prior Conviction or convictions unconstitutional, Declaration of defendant in support of motion, Supplemental points and authorities in support of motion
  • §5.0
    Notice of motion to suppress evidence
  • §5.0.3
    Notice of motion to suppress, Points and authorities in support of motion to suppress
  • §6.0.2
    Motion for disclosure of prior jury service an information on prospective jurors
  • §6.0.4
    Defendant's Questions to the Jury